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Middle School Math

Middle school math builds the bridge between arithmetic and algebra. In grades 6 through 8, students master fractions, decimals, and percents; learn about ratios and proportions; explore basic geometry and measurement; and begin working with variables and equations. This page organizes every middle-school-level math term on Mathwords by topic so you can find exactly what you need.

Triangles & Congruence56

Triangle types, congruence tests, special lines in triangles, and triangle properties

Functions & Relations51

Function notation, domain, range, types of functions, and function operations

Angles & Lines47

Types of angles, angle relationships, parallel lines, transversals, and perpendiculars

Polynomials & Factoring46

Polynomial operations, factoring, synthetic division, and polynomial theorems

Linear Equations & Graphs34

Slope, linear equations, systems of equations, and graphing lines

Number Types & Classification22

Types of numbers: integers, rationals, reals, primes, composites, and number classification systems

Exponentials & Logarithms21

Exponential functions, logarithms, growth/decay, and their properties

Circles21

Circle properties, arcs, sectors, chords, tangent lines, and inscribed angles

Arithmetic Operations & Exponents17

Basic arithmetic operations, exponents, powers, roots, and order of operations

Probability & Counting16

Combinations, permutations, probability rules, and counting principles

Area & Perimeter16

2D measurement formulas for area and perimeter of common shapes

Fractions & Decimals12

Fractions, decimals, mixed numbers, and operations with fractions

Descriptive Statistics9

Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, and measures of spread

Absolute Value4

Absolute value definition, equations, inequalities, and rules

Surface Area & Volume46

3D measurement: surface area and volume of prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres, and other solids

Quadrilaterals & Polygons33

Quadrilaterals, regular polygons, and their properties

Coordinate Geometry & Analytic Methods31

Coordinate plane, distance formula, midpoint, analytic geometry, and coordinate systems

Statistics & Data Displays26

Descriptive statistics, data visualization, distributions, and sampling

Conic Sections16

Ellipses, hyperbolas, circles, and their equations

Probability Fundamentals16

Probability rules, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, and probability calculations

Regression & Correlation9

Linear regression, correlation, least squares, and data relationships

Factors, Multiples & Divisibility8

Factors, multiples, GCF, LCM, prime factorization, and divisibility

Variation & Proportion7

Direct, inverse, and joint variation; proportional relationships

Algebra Vocabulary & General Concepts49

Core algebra vocabulary, properties, and general mathematical concepts

Measurement, Estimation & Notation25

Measurement, scientific notation, rounding, significant digits, and mathematical notation

Graph Transformations & Symmetry23

Translations, reflections, stretches, compressions, and symmetry of graphs

Set Theory19

Sets, set operations, Venn diagrams, and set notation

Platonic Solids & Polyhedra18

Regular polyhedra, Euler's formula for polyhedra, and special 3D shapes

Inference & Regression17

Linear regression, correlation, hypothesis testing, and statistical inference

Geometric Transformations16

Reflections, rotations, translations, dilations, and isometries in geometry

Geometry Foundations16

Foundational geometry concepts, planes, measurement units, non-Euclidean geometry, and general vocabulary

Number Systems & Properties16

Algebraic properties, number classifications, and equivalence relations

Precalculus Analysis & Methods11

Function analysis, advanced algebra connections, and precalculus methods

Data Display & Visualization10

Histograms, box plots, scatter plots, and data visualization methods

Financial Mathematics9

Interest, annuities, present/future value, and financial formulas

Bounds, Intervals & Ordering9

Upper/lower bounds, bounded sets, intervals, and ordering concepts

All Middle School Math Terms A–Z (802)