SAT Math Terms
The SAT Math section tests your knowledge of algebra, problem-solving and data analysis, geometry and trigonometry, and advanced math. This page collects every term and formula on Mathwords that appears on the SAT, organized by topic area. Use it as a study reference or formula review before test day.
Absolute value definition, equations, inequalities, and rules
Core algebra vocabulary, properties, and general mathematical concepts
Types of angles, angle relationships, parallel lines, transversals, and perpendiculars
2D measurement formulas for area and perimeter of common shapes
Basic arithmetic operations, exponents, powers, roots, and order of operations
Circle properties, arcs, sectors, chords, tangent lines, and inscribed angles
Coordinate plane, distance formula, midpoint, analytic geometry, and coordinate systems
Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, and measures of spread
Exponential functions, logarithms, growth/decay, and their properties
Factors, multiples, GCF, LCM, prime factorization, and divisibility
Interest, annuities, present/future value, and financial formulas
Fractions, decimals, mixed numbers, and operations with fractions
Function notation, domain, range, types of functions, and function operations
Foundational geometry concepts, planes, measurement units, non-Euclidean geometry, and general vocabulary
Translations, reflections, stretches, compressions, and symmetry of graphs
Inequalities, compound inequalities, absolute value inequalities, interval notation, and complex numbers
Linear regression, correlation, hypothesis testing, and statistical inference
Slope, linear equations, systems of equations, and graphing lines
Measurement, scientific notation, rounding, significant digits, and mathematical notation
Algebraic properties, number classifications, and equivalence relations
Polynomial operations, factoring, synthetic division, and polynomial theorems
Combinations, permutations, probability rules, and counting principles
Probability rules, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, and probability calculations
Quadratic formula, factoring quadratics, discriminant, vertex form, and parabolas
Quadrilaterals, regular polygons, and their properties
Radicals, radical equations, rational expressions, and rationalizing
Linear regression, correlation, least squares, and data relationships
Arithmetic and geometric sequences, series, summation notation, and convergence
Descriptive statistics, data visualization, distributions, and sampling
3D measurement: surface area and volume of prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres, and other solids
Triangle types, congruence tests, special lines in triangles, and triangle properties
Sine, cosine, tangent, unit circle, SOHCAHTOA, law of sines/cosines, and basic trig definitions
Direct, inverse, and joint variation; proportional relationships
All SAT Math Terms Terms A–Z (792)
- AA Similarity
- AAS Congruence
- Abscissa
- Absolute Value
- Absolute Value Equation
- Absolute Value Function
- Absolute Value Inequality
- Absolute Value of a Complex Number
- Absolute Value Rules
- Acceleration
- Accuracy
- Acute Angle
- Acute Triangle
- Addition Rule
- Additive Inverse of a Number
- Additive Property of Equality
- Adjacent
- Adjacent Angles
- Algebra
- Algebraic Numbers
- Alternate Angles
- Alternate Exterior Angles
- Alternate Interior Angles
- Altitude
- Altitude of a Cone
- Altitude of a Cylinder
- Altitude of a Parallelogram
- Altitude of a Prism
- Altitude of a Pyramid
- Altitude of a Trapezoid
- Altitude of a Triangle
- Amortization
- Analytic Geometry
- Analytic Methods
- Angle
- Angle Bisector
- Angle of Depression
- Angle of Elevation
- Angle of Inclination of a Line
- Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
- Annuity
- Annulus
- Apex
- Apothem
- Arc of a Circle
- Area of a Circle
- Area of a Convex Polygon
- Area of a Kite
- Area of a Parabolic Segment
- Area of a Parallelogram
- Area of a Rectangle
- Area of a Regular Polygon
- Area of a Rhombus
- Area of a Sector of a Circle
- Area of a Segment of a Circle
- Area of a Trapezoid
- Area of a Triangle
- Area of an Ellipse
- Area of an Equilateral Triangle
- Argument of a Complex Number
- Argument of a Function
- Arithmetic
- Arithmetic Mean
- Arithmetic Sequence
- Arithmetic Series
- Arm of an Angle
- ASA Congruence
- Associative
- Asymptote
- Average
- Axes
- Axis of a Cylinder
- Axis of Symmetry
- Axis of Symmetry of a Parabola
- Back-Substitution
- Bar Graph
- Base
- Base in an Exponential Expression
- Base of a Trapezoid
- Base of a Triangle
- Base of an Isosceles Triangle
- Bayes' Theorem
- Bearing
- Bernoulli Trials
- Between
- Biconditional
- Big O Notation
- Binary / Base 2
- Binomial
- Binomial Coefficients
- Binomial Coefficients in Pascal's Triangle
- Binomial Probability Formula
- Binomial Theorem
- Bisect
- Bisector
- Bivariate Data
- Boolean Logic
- Bounded Function
- Bounded Sequence
- Braces
- Brackets
- Cartesian Coordinates
- Cartesian Form
- Categorical Data
- Cavalieri's Principle
- Ceiling Function
- Centers of a Triangle
- Central Angle
- Centroid
- Centroid Formula
- Ceva's Theorem
- Cevian
- Cevian Theorem
- Change of Base Formula
- Chi-Square Test
- Chord
- Circle
- Circle Trig Definitions
- Circular Cone
- Circular Cylinder
- Circumcenter
- Circumcircle
- Circumference
- Circumscribable
- Circumscribed
- Cis
- Clockwise
- Closed Interval
- Coefficient
- Coefficient of Determination (R²)
- Coincident
- Collinear
- Combination
- Combination Formula
- Combinatorics
- Common Logarithm
- Common Ratio
- Commutative
- Complement of an Angle
- Complement of an Event
- Complementary Angles
- Completing the Square
- Complex Conjugate
- Complex Number Formulas
- Complex Numbers
- Complex Plane
- Composition
- Compound Fraction
- Compound Inequality
- Compound Interest
- Compression
- Compression of a Graph
- Compute
- Concave
- Concentric
- Concurrent
- Conditional Equation
- Conditional Inequality
- Conditional Probability
- Cone
- Cone Angle
- Confidence Interval
- Congruence Tests for Triangles
- Congruent
- Conjugate Pair Theorem
- Conjugates
- Consecutive Interior Angles
- Consistent System of Equations
- Constant
- Constant Function
- Constant of Proportionality
- Constant Polynomial
- Continuous
- Continuous Function
- Continuously Compounded Interest
- Converge
- Convergent Sequence
- Convergent Series
- Convex
- Coordinate Grid
- Coordinate Plane
- Coordinates
- Coplanar
- Correlation
- Correlation Coefficient
- Correlation vs. Causation
- Corresponding
- Cosecant
- Cosine
- Cost Function
- Cotangent
- Coterminal Angles
- Counterclockwise
- CPCFC
- CPCTC
- Cross Multiplication
- Cross Section
- Cube
- Cube Root
- Cubic Polynomial
- Cumulative Frequency
- Cylinder
- De Moivre's Theorem
- Decagon
- Decay Factor
- Deciles
- Decimal
- Decreasing Function
- Degree
- Degree of a Polynomial
- Degree of a Term
- Denominator
- Dependent Events
- Dependent Variable
- Descartes' Rule of Signs
- Diagonal of a Polygon
- Diameter of a Circle or Sphere
- Diametrically Opposed
- Difference
- Difference of Cubes
- Difference of Squares
- Dihedral Angle
- Dilation
- Dilation of a Graph
- Dimensional Analysis
- Dimensions
- Direct Variation
- Discontinuity
- Discontinuous Function
- Discrete
- Discriminant of a Quadratic
- Disk
- Distance Formula
- Distance from a Point to a Line
- Distinct
- Distribute
- Distributing Rules
- Distributive Property
- Diverge
- Divergent Sequence
- Divergent Series
- Divisibility Rules
- Dodecagon
- Domain
- Domain of Definition
- Dot Plot
- Double Root
- Doubling Time
- e
- Elliptic Geometry
- Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7 Rule)
- End Behavior
- Equation
- Equation of a Line
- Equation vs. Expression
- Equiangular Triangle
- Equidistant
- Equilateral Triangle
- Equivalence Properties of Equality
- Equivalence Relation
- Equivalent Systems of Equations
- Euclidean Distance
- Euclidean Geometry
- Euler Line
- Euler's Formula
- Evaluate
- Even Function
- Event
- Existential Quantifier
- Expected Value
- Experiment
- Experimental Probability
- Explicit Formula of a Sequence
- Exponent
- Exponent Rules
- Exponential Decay
- Exponential Equation
- Exponential Function
- Exponential Growth
- Exponential Regression
- Exponentiation
- Expression
- Exterior Angle of a Polygon
- Exterior Angle Theorem
- Extraneous Solution
- Extrapolation
- Extrema
- Extreme Values of a Polynomial
- Factor of a Polynomial
- Factor of an Integer
- Factor Theorem
- Factor Tree
- Factored Form
- Factorial
- Factoring Rules
- Fibonacci Sequence
- First Quartile
- Five Number Summary
- Fixed
- Floor Function
- FOIL Method
- Formula
- Fraction
- Fraction Rules
- Frequency Table
- Frustum of a Cone or Pyramid
- Function
- Function Notation
- Function Operations
- Fundamental Counting Principle
- Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
- Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
- Future Value
- Geometric Figure
- Geometric Mean
- Geometric Sequence
- Geometric Series
- Geometry
- Graph of an Equation or Inequality
- Graph Theory
- Graphic Methods
- Gravity
- Great Circle
- Greatest Common Factor
- Greek Alphabet
- Growth Factor
- Half-Life
- Half-Open/Half-Closed Interval
- Harmonic Mean
- Harmonic Sequence
- Harmonic Series
- Heptagon
- Heron's Formula
- Hexadecimal
- Hexagon
- Histogram
- HL Congruence
- HL Similarity
- Hole (in a Graph)
- Horizontal
- Horizontal Asymptote
- Horizontal Line Equation
- Horizontal Line Test
- Horizontal Reflection
- Horizontal Shift
- Horizontal Shrink
- Horizontal Stretch
- Hyperbolic Geometry
- Hypotenuse
- Identity
- Identity of an Operation
- Identity Property of Addition
- Identity Property of Multiplication
- Imaginary Numbers
- Imaginary Part
- Impossible Event
- Improper Fraction
- Improper Rational Expression
- Incenter
- Inconsistent System of Equations
- Increasing Function
- Independent Events
- Independent Variable
- Inequality
- Inequality Rules
- Infinite Geometric Series
- Infinite Series
- Initial Side of an Angle
- Inradius
- Inscribed Angle in a Circle
- Inscribed Circle
- Interest
- Interior
- Interior Angle
- Interpolation
- Interquartile Range
- Interval
- Interval Notation
- Inverse
- Inverse Function
- Inverse Operations
- Inverse Variation
- Isosceles Trapezoid
- Isosceles Triangle
- Joint Variation
- Kite
- Lateral Surface
- Lateral Surface Area
- Law of Cosines
- Law of Large Numbers
- Law of Sines
- Leading Coefficient
- Leading Coefficient Test
- Leading Term
- Least Common Denominator
- Least Common Multiple
- Least-Squares Regression Equation
- Least-Squares Regression Line
- Leg of a Right Triangle
- Leg of a Trapezoid
- Leg of an Isosceles Triangle
- Like Terms
- Line
- Line of Best Fit
- Line Segment
- Linear
- Linear Combination
- Linear Equation
- Linear Fit
- Linear Inequality
- Linear Pair of Angles
- Linear Polynomial
- Linear Programming
- Linear Regression
- Linear System of Equations
- Literal Equation
- Locus
- Logarithm
- Logarithm Rules
- Logarithmic Equation
- Logical Equivalence
- Logistic Growth
- Major Arc
- Margin of Error
- Mathematical Model
- Mean
- Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
- Measure of an Angle
- Measurement
- Median of a Set of Numbers
- Median of a Trapezoid
- Median of a Triangle
- Member of an Equation
- Mensuration
- Midpoint
- Midpoint Formula
- Midsegment
- Minor Arc
- Minute
- Mixed Number
- Monomial
- Multiplication Rule
- Multiplicative Inverse of a Number
- Multiplicative Property of Equality
- Multiplicity
- Multivariable
- n-gon
- Natural Logarithm
- Negation
- Negative Direction
- Negative Exponents
- Negative Reciprocal
- Negatively Associated Data
- Net (Geometry)
- Non-Adjacent
- Non-Euclidean Geometry
- Nonagon
- Noncollinear
- Nonreal Numbers
- Nontrivial
- Normal Distribution
- nth Partial Sum
- nth Root
- Null Hypothesis
- Numerator
- Oblique
- Oblique Asymptote
- Oblique Cone
- Oblique Cylinder
- Oblique Prism
- Oblique Pyramid
- Obtuse Angle
- Obtuse Triangle
- Octagon
- Octants
- Odd Function
- Odds in Gambling
- One Dimension
- One-to-One Function
- Open Interval
- Order of Operations (PEMDAS)
- Ordinate
- Origin
- Orthocenter
- Outcome
- Outlier
- Outlier Rule (1.5 x IQR)
- Overdetermined System of Equations
- p-value
- Paired Data
- Parabola
- Parallel Lines
- Parallel Planes
- Parallel Postulate
- Parallel Slopes
- Parallelepiped
- Parallelogram
- Parent Functions
- Parentheses
- Partial Fractions
- Partial Sum of a Series
- Pentagon
- Per Annum
- Percent / Percentage
- Percent Change
- Percent Error
- Percentile
- Perfect Square
- Perfect Square Trinomial
- Perimeter
- Permutation
- Permutation Formula
- Perpendicular
- Perpendicular Bisector
- Perpendicular Slopes
- Pi
- Piecewise Continuous Function
- Piecewise Function
- Piecewise Linear Function
- Place Value
- Plane
- Plane Figure
- Plane Geometry
- Point
- Point of Symmetry
- Point-Slope Equation of a Line
- Polar Form of a Complex Number
- Polygon
- Polygon Interior
- Polynomial
- Polynomial Facts
- Polynomial Function
- Polynomial Inequality
- Polynomial Long Division
- Positive Direction
- Positive Series
- Positively Associated Data
- Power
- Precision
- Present Value
- Prime Factorization
- Principal
- Prism
- Probability
- Probability Distribution
- Product
- Projectile Motion Formula
- Proper Fraction
- Proper Rational Expression
- Properties of Equality
- Proportion
- Proportional
- Pyramid
- Pythagorean Identities
- Pythagorean Theorem
- Pythagorean Triple
- Quadrantal Angle
- Quadrants
- Quadratic
- Quadratic Equation
- Quadratic Formula
- Quadratic Function
- Quadratic Polynomial
- Quadratic Regression
- Quadrilateral
- Quadruple
- Quantitative Data
- Quartic Polynomial
- Quartiles
- Quintic Polynomial
- Quintiles
- Quintuple
- Quotient
- Radian
- Radical
- Radical Equation
- Radical Rules
- Radicand
- Radius of a Circle or Sphere
- Random Sample
- Random Variable
- Range
- Rate of Change
- Ratio
- Rational Equation
- Rational Exponents
- Rational Expression
- Rational Function
- Rational Inequality
- Rational Root Theorem
- Rationalizing the Denominator
- Ray
- Real Part
- Rectangle
- Recursion
- Recursive Formula
- Reduce a Fraction
- Reference Angle
- Reflection
- Reflexive Property of Equality
- Regression
- Regression Equation
- Regular Polygon
- Regular Prism
- Regular Pyramid
- Relation
- Relative Frequency
- Relatively Prime
- Remainder
- Remainder Theorem
- Removable Discontinuity
- Residual
- Residual Plot
- Restricted Domain
- Restricted Function
- Rhombus
- Right Angle
- Right Circular Cone
- Right Circular Cylinder
- Right Cone
- Right Cylinder
- Right Prism
- Right Pyramid
- Right Regular Prism
- Right Regular Pyramid
- Right Square Prism
- Right Triangle
- Rigid Transformation
- Root
- Root Mean Square
- Root of a Number
- Rounding a Number
- Sample Space
- Sampling
- Sampling Bias
- SAS Congruence
- SAS Similarity
- Satisfy
- Scalene Triangle
- Scatterplot
- Scientific Notation
- Secant
- Secant Line
- Second
- Sector of a Circle
- Segment of a Circle
- Semicircle
- Semiperimeter
- Sequence
- Sequence of Partial Sums
- Series
- Set-Builder Notation
- Shift
- Side of a Polygon
- Sigma Notation
- Sigmoid Function
- Significance Level (Alpha)
- Significant Digits
- Similar
- Similarity Tests for Triangles
- Simple Interest
- Simplify
- Simultaneous Equations
- Sine
- Skew Lines
- Slant Height
- Slope Formula
- Slope of a Line
- Slope-Intercept Equation of a Line
- SOHCAHTOA
- Solid
- Solid Geometry
- Solution
- Solve
- Solve Analytically
- Solve Graphically
- Special Angles
- Speed
- Sphere
- Spherical Trigonometry
- Square
- Square Root
- Square Root Rules
- Square System of Equations
- SSA
- SSS Congruence
- SSS Similarity
- Standard Deviation
- Standard Form for the Equation of a Line
- Standard Form of a Quadratic
- Standard Position
- Statistic
- Step Function
- Straight Angle
- Strict Inequality
- Sum
- Sum of Cubes
- Supplement
- Supplementary Angles
- Surd
- Sure Event
- Surface
- Surface Area
- Symmetric
- Symmetric Property of Equality
- Symmetric with Respect to the Origin
- Symmetric with Respect to the x-axis
- Symmetric with Respect to the y-axis
- Synthetic Division
- Synthetic Substitution
- System of Inequalities
- Takeout Angle
- Tangent
- Tangent Line
- Term
- Terminal Side of an Angle
- The Imaginary Number i
- Theoretical Probability
- Third Quartile
- Three Dimensional Coordinates
- Time Series
- Transcendental Numbers
- Transformations
- Transitive Property of Equality
- Transitive Property of Inequalities
- Translation (Geometry)
- Transversal
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Tree Diagram
- Triangle
- Triangle Inequality
- Triangle Inequality with Absolute Value
- Triangulation
- Trichotomy
- Trig Functions
- Trig Values of Special Angles
- Trigonometry
- Trinomial
- Triple
- Triple Root
- Trivial
- Truncated Cone or Pyramid
- Truncated Cylinder or Prism
- Truncating a Number
- Truth Table
- Two Dimensions
- Two Intercept Form for the Equation of a Line
- Two-Way Table
- Type I Error
- Type II Error
- Undecagon
- Undefined Slope
- Underdetermined System of Equations
- Unit Circle
- Unit Circle Trig Definitions
- Unit Rate
- Univariate Data
- Universal Quantifier
- Variable
- Variance
- Varignon Parallelogram of a Quadrilateral
- Velocity
- Verify a Solution
- Vertex Form
- Vertex of a Parabola
- Vertical
- Vertical Angles
- Vertical Asymptote
- Vertical Line Equation
- Vertical Line Test
- Vertical Reflection
- Vertical Shift
- Vertical Shrink
- Vertical Stretch
- Vinculum
- Volume
- Weighted Average
- Weighted Mean
- x-axis
- x-intercept
- x-y Plane
- x-z Plane
- y-axis
- y-intercept
- y-z Plane
- z-intercept
- Z-Score
- Zero of a Function
- Zero Product Property
- Zero Property of Multiplication
- Zero Slope
